HW: immagini connettori e mobo
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style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:3.34926772px;line-height:1.25;font-family:'CMU Serif';-inkscape-font-specification:'CMU Serif';text-align:center;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;text-anchor:middle;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.26458332"
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sodipodi:role="line"
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style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:'CMU Serif';-inkscape-font-specification:'CMU Serif';stroke-width:0.26458332">Testina</tspan></text>
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@ -99,7 +99,14 @@ Alcuni modelli sono provvisti di maniglie o altri sistemi di bloccaggio che non
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%dal nero al metallizzato, trasparenti e accessoriati di luci tipo “luna park”.
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\subsection{L'alimentatore}
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L'alimentatore di un PC fisso è un apparato elettrico che trasforma la corrente alternata in ingresso (qui in Italia, come in molti altri paesi europei, a 230 V) in corrente continua a 3/5/12 Volt con una potenza che può raggiungere anche i $1000 ~Watt$.
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-alimentatore}
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\caption{Un alimentatore}
|
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\label{fig:hw-alimentatore}
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||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
L'alimentatore di un PC fisso è un apparato elettrico che trasforma la corrente alternata in ingresso (qui in Italia, come in molti altri paesi europei, a 230 V) in corrente continua a 3/5/12 Volt con una potenza che può raggiungere anche i 1000 Watt.
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%Gli attuali alimentatori per PC, sia i formati standard ATX e SFX e quelli proprietari rappresentano la generazione successiva a quella dell'alimentatore formato “AT”, distinguendosi principalmente da questo, per il fatto di avere una gestione dell'accensione e dello spegnimento tramite un controllo remoto, i vecchi alimentatori invece, erano provvisti di un interruttore tipo “lampadina” per intenderci.
|
||||
Gli attuali alimentatori, detti ATX, prevedono uno o più connettori diretti alla scheda madre, più diversi connettori per alimentare hard disk e lettori CD/DVD.
|
||||
%Alcune schede madri richiedono una fonte di alimentazione ausiliaria a 12 volt, per questo, viene usato solitamente il connettore ausiliario «P4».
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|
@ -108,6 +115,13 @@ A rigori, non sarebbe possibile mettere in funzione un alimentatore ATX senza un
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{La scheda madre}
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-schedamadre}
|
||||
\caption{}
|
||||
\label{fig:hw-schedamadre}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
Viene chiamata anche \textit{motherboard} oppure \textit{mainboard} (scheda principale), per gli amici MoBo.
|
||||
Si tratta di una scheda elettronica realizzata con un circuito stampato, spesso a molti strati (multilayer), su cui si vanno a montare le principali componenti del sistema (il processore, la memoria RAM) ed a collegare i dischi fissi, i masterizzatori, le schede di espansione e tutte le periferiche.
|
||||
%Sono previsti inoltre i collegamenti con le periferiche esterne.
|
||||
|
|
@ -170,10 +184,39 @@ Di questo standard esistono tre versioni, meccanicamente leggermente diverse per
|
|||
\paragraph{I connettori posteriori}
|
||||
Ogni scheda madre presenta infine dei connettori rivolti verso l'esterno del case che permettono di collegare le varie periferiche.
|
||||
|
||||
\textit{valutare se mettere una tabella con i connettori più comuni}
|
||||
\begin{figure}[ht]
|
||||
%subfigure?
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-connettori-recenti}
|
||||
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-connettori-passati}
|
||||
\caption{Alcuni connettori posteriori, nel caso di una scheda madre più recente (\textit{in alto)} e più datata (\textit{in basso)}.}
|
||||
\label{fig:HW-connettori}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
Facendo riferimento alla figura \ref{fig:HW-connettori}:
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\item \textbf{Porta PS/2:} connettore per la tastiera (viola) e per il mouse (verde). Siccome è un connettore che sta cadendo in disuso, nelle schede madri più nuove ne viene lasciato solamente uno che vale per entrambi i dispositivi, o addirittura è rimosso;
|
||||
\item \textbf{Porta USB:} connettore universale per dialogare con la maggior parte delle periferiche (tastiere, mouse, stampanti, memorie...). Alcune porte sono colorate di blu perché di nuova generazione (sono dette USB 3.0) e supportano periferiche a maggiore velocità;
|
||||
% non che mi garbi molto... forse conviene parlarne dopo
|
||||
\item \textbf{Porta VGA:} solitamente di colore blu, utilizzata per collegare il computer ad uno schermo;
|
||||
\item \textbf{DVI:} altra interfaccia per collegare uno schermo;
|
||||
\item \textbf{HDMI:} interfaccia più recente per lo schermo;
|
||||
\item \textbf{Ethernet:} porta per la connessione via cavo ad internet. Solitamente ha due spie, una si accende se il cavo è collegato ad un dispositivo di rete, l'altra lampeggia quando c'è una comunicazione in corso;
|
||||
\item \textbf{Porte audio:} qui è possibile collegare cuffie, altoparlanti, microfoni e molto altro;
|
||||
\item \textbf{Porta seriale:}
|
||||
\item \textbf{Porta parallela:}
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Il Processore}
|
||||
\begin{figure}[hbt!]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-intel-CPU}
|
||||
\caption{Un processore, visto sopra e sotto}
|
||||
\label{fig:hw-intel-cpu}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
Il processore è una delle parti più importati del computer.
|
||||
Detto anche CPU (Central Processing Unit), può essere definito il cervello del computer.
|
||||
Si occupa, infatti, di elaborare ed eseguire i comandi da noi impartiti.
|
||||
|
|
@ -185,6 +228,12 @@ La CPU produce anche molto calore e necessita quindi di un sistema di raffredda
|
|||
Se il calore non venisse adeguatamente smaltito il processore potrebbe danneggiarsi gravemente.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{La Memoria RAM}
|
||||
\begin{figure}[hbt]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-ram}
|
||||
\caption{Alcune memorie RAM}
|
||||
\label{fig:hw-ram}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
La memoria RAM (Random Acces Memory) viene usata nei PC come memoria primaria in cui sono memorizzati tutti i programmi attivi e i dati, per essere prontamente accessibili e disponibili alla CPU ed alle altre memorie del PC (ad esempio l'hard disk).
|
||||
Funge da memoria di lavoro e di appoggio per il sistema, poiché la CPU riesce a scrivervi e leggervi dati molto rapidamente, a differenza di ciò che potrebbe avvenire con un hard disk o una penna USB.
|
||||
%Non impiegando la RAM, la lettura delle istruzioni dei programmi e dei dati dovrebbe avvenire dal disco rigido, con un rallentamento considerevole della velocità del computer.
|
||||
|
|
@ -195,11 +244,22 @@ Per questo motivo quando ``va via la luce", se non si sono salvati su disco i pr
|
|||
|
||||
% le memorie secondarie
|
||||
\subsection{L'Hard Disk}
|
||||
\begin{figure}[hbt!]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\raisebox{-.5\height}
|
||||
{\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{img/raster/HW-hard-disk}}
|
||||
\raisebox{-.5\height}
|
||||
{\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{img/vectors/HW-hard-disk}}
|
||||
\caption{Un hard disk (\textit{a sinistra}) e la struttura interna di un disco meccanico (\textit{a destra})}
|
||||
\label{fig:hw-hard-disk}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
Il disco rigido (chiamato anche disco fisso) è un dispositivo utilizzato per la memorizzazione a lungo termine dei dati in un computer.
|
||||
|
||||
Le caratteristiche principali di un hard disk sono:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item la \textbf{capacità}, ossia quanti dati si possono inserire sul disco fino a riempirlo. È espressa in gigabyte (1GB=1000 MB) o in terabyte (1TB=1000 GB);
|
||||
\item la \textbf{capacità}, ossia quanti dati si possono inserire sul disco fino a riempirlo. È espressa in gigabyte (1GB=1024 MB) o in terabyte (1TB=1024 GB)\footnote{
|
||||
Talvolta, per praticità, si approssima 1GB=1000MB e 1TB = 1000GB.};
|
||||
\item il \textbf{tempo di accesso}, il tempo medio necessario per leggere un dato dal disco. Si misura in millisecondi.
|
||||
\item la \textbf{velocità di trasferimento}, indica quanti dati si possono leggere o scrivere sul disco per ogni secondo (infatti si misura in $\nicefrac{MB}{s}$);
|
||||
\item la \textbf{dimensione}. È una misura geometrica del disco espressa in pollici. Ad oggi ne circolano prevalentemente due: 3.5", preferiti per i computer fissi, e 2.5" montati sui portatili.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in New Issue