Math/math

== About texvc ==

texvc takes LaTeX-compatible equations and produces formatted output in HTML,
MathML, and (via LaTeX/dvipng) rasterized PNG images.
Input data is parsed and scrutinized for safety, and the output includes an
estimate of whether the code is simple enough that HTML rendering will look
acceptable.

The program was written by Tomasz Wegrzanowski for use with MediaWiki; it's
included as part of the MediaWiki package (http://www.mediawiki.org) and is
under the GPL license.

Please report bugs at: https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/
with "MediaWiki extensions" as product and "texvc" as component.

== Setup ==

=== Requirements ===

OCaml 3.06 or later is required to compile texvc; this can be acquired from
http://caml.inria.fr/ if your system doesn't have it available.

The makefile requires GNU make.

Rasterization is done via LaTeX, dvipng. These need to be installed and in
the PATH: latex, dvipng

AMS* packages for LaTeX also need to be installed. Without AMS* some equations
will render correctly while others won't render. Most distributions of TeX
already contain AMS*. In Debian/Ubuntu you need to install tetex-extra.

To work properly with rendering non-ASCII Unicode characters, a supplemental TeX
package is needed (cjk-latex in Debian)

=== Installation ===

Run 'make' (or 'gmake' if GNU make is not your default make). This should
produce the texvc executable.

Then you'll need to set $wgUseTeX to true in your LocalSettings.php. By default,
MediaWiki will search in this directory for texvc, if you moved it elsewhere,
you'll have to modify $wgTexvc and set it to the path of the texvc executable.

== Usage ==

Normally texvc is called from MediaWiki's Math.php modules and everything
Just Works. It can be run manually for testing or for use in another app.

=== Command-line parameters ===

    texvc <temp directory> <output directory> <TeX code> <encoding> <color>

Be sure to properly quote the TeX code!

Example:

    texvc /home/wiki/tmp /home/wiki/math "y=x+2" iso-8859-1 "rgb 1.0 1.0 1.0"

=== Output format ===

Status codes and HTML/MathML transformations are returned on stdout.
A rasterized PNG file will be written to the output directory, named
for the MD5 hash code.

texvc output format is like this:
    +%5		ok, but not html or mathml
    c%5%h	ok, conservative html, no mathml
    m%5%h	ok, moderate html, no mathml
    l%5%h	ok, liberal html, no mathml
    C%5%h\0%m	ok, conservative html, with mathml
    M%5%h\0%m	ok, moderate html, with mathml
    L%5%h\0%m	ok, liberal html, with mathml
    X%5%m	ok, no html, with mathml
    S		syntax error
    E		lexing error
    F%s		unknown function %s
    -		other error

 \0 - null character
 %5 - md5, 32 hex characters
 %h - html code, without \0 characters
 %m - mathml code, without \0 characters


== Troubleshooting ==

Unfortunately, many error conditions with rasterization are not well reported.
texvc will return as though everything is successful, and the only obvious
sign of problems for the user is a big X on a wiki page where an equation
should be.

Try running texvc from the command line to ensure that the software it relies
upon is all set up.

Ensure that the temporary and math directories exist and can be written to by
the user account the web server runs under; if you don't control the server,
you may have to make them world-writable.

If some equations render correctly while others don't, you probably don't have
AMS* packages for LaTeX installed. Most distributions of TeX come with AMS*.
In Debian/Ubuntu AMS* is in tetex-extra package.
To check if that is the problem you can try those two equations:
    x + y
    x \implies y
The first uses only standard LaTeX, while the second uses symbol \implies from AMS*.
If the first renders, but the second doesn't, you need to install AMS*.

== Hacking ==

Before you start hacking on the math package its good to know the workflow,
which is basically:

1. texvc gets called by Math/Math.body.php (check out the line begining with "$cmd")
2. texvc does its magic, which is basically to check for invalid latex code.
3. texvc takes the user input if valid and creates a latex file containing it, see
   get_preface in texutil.ml
4. dvipng(1) gets called to create a .png file
   See render.ml for this process (commenting out the removal of
   the temporary file is useful for debugging).